Feb

6

Stern’s classification of Language Learning Strategies

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According to Stern (1992) there are five main language learning strategies:

Management and Planning Strategies are associated with the learner’s intention to direct his own learning. A learner can supervise the expansion of his own learning scheme guided by teacher, who plays a role of adviser and resourcer. That is to say that the learner must ( Stern 1992:263):

Cognitive strategies are sets or operations in learning requiring synthesis of learning materials, direct analysis or transformations:

Communicative – Experiential strategies are techniques used by learners to sustain conversation and avoid interrupting the flow of communication. Stern subdivided Communicative Strategies into: circumlocution, gesturing, paraphrase, or asking for repetition and explanation.

Interpersonal strategies.

The aim of using Interpersonal strategies is to monitor by students their development and evaluate performance by contact and cooperation with native speakers.

Affective strategies.

It has been evidenced that language learning can be frustrating in many ways and language learners are more or less conscious of these emotional problems. Good language learner should try to create associations of positive affect towards the foreign language and overcome emotional difficulties by drawing attention and pointing them out as they arise.


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